Kidney stones are solid, stone-like lumps that form within the kidneys. They can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as the size of a golf ball (sometimes even larger). Most stones are less than a third of an inch in diameter. The stones are actually accumulations of mineral salts and other substances. Similar […]
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Broadly speaking, there are four basic categories of knee replacements depending on the degree of mechanical stability provided by the design of the artificial knee: Non-constrained Semi-constrained Constrained or hinged Unicondylar The highly successful non-constrained implant is the most common type of artificial knee. It is termed non-constrained because the artificial components inserted into the knee are
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The urinary organ system consists of the following organs, located within the abdomen: Two kidneys Two ureters A bladder A urethra Kidneys The role of the kidneys is to cleanse the blood and balance its fluids: They manufacture urine to filter out substances that the body does not need. They also take nutrients and other
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Options available that hold the knee replacement into position: Cemented procedure Non-cemented procedure Hybrid Fixation Procedure With a cemented procedure the components of the implant are fixed to the bone with a grout-like cement known as polymethyl-methacrylate. This cement allows the implants to perfectly fit to the irregularities of the bone. A cemented knee is a very reliable
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There are several conditions that can contribute to the formation of kidney stones: A high concentration of stone-forming mineral salts in the urine. When high levels of stone-forming substances such as calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, or struvite are present in the urine, one or more crystals may form and become trapped within the urinary tract. The
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As with all major surgical procedures, complications can occur. Some of the most common complications following knee replacement are: Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) Infection Stiffness Loosening Osteolysis Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) This term refers to the formation of blood clots (called thrombosis) in the large veins, usually of the legs or pelvis. It can occur
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Stones may form in most portions of the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Most stones are formed in the kidneys and are referred to as upper urinary tract stones Other stones can form in the ureters or bladder and are called lower urinary tract stones Upper Urinary Tract Stones Upper urinary tract stones are
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Kidney stones that are above the pelvis of the kidney (the basin-shaped cavity at the base of each kidney into which urine is funneled) usually do not cause symptoms. Symptoms often occur when a stone migrates into the ureter, the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder, and prevents the drainage of
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The doctor will make a diagnosis of kidney stones with: An assessment of the person’s clinical history A physical examination A laboratory study of the person’s blood and urine A possible follow-up with an X-ray evaluation Clinical History The doctor will ask questions in order to determine a person’s clinical history, which can help to
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Kidney stones may be treated with: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy Laser lithotripsy Other methods Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) ESWL focuses high-energy shock waves from a source outside the body and uses this energy to crush the stone into tiny pieces. These pieces are then small enough to pass out of the
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Part of the treatment of kidney stones involves preventing them from happening again. Preventive measures include: Drinking a large amount of water Changes in diet Medication Drinking A Large Amount Of Water Drinking large volumes of water each day will dilute the mineral or stone-forming salts in the urine. Many experts advise people who are
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In recent years, there have been dramatic improvements in how kidney stones are treated. Kidney stones now can be broken into tiny pieces and eliminated from the body without the need for any type of surgery. Avoiding traditional surgery means faster healing time, shorter hospital stays, and reduced medical expenses. Furthermore, stones can be prevented
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